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24 Dec 1894

Germany
16 Jan 1908

Germany
6 Nov 1932

Photo(s) dated 6 Nov 1932
Lennart Oesch and Carl Mannerheim at a memorial for the Battle of Lützen, celebrating its 300th anniversary, Germany, 6 Nov 1932
1 Oct 1934

Germany
3 Jun 1936

Germany
  • In Germany, General Walther Wever, Chief of Staff of the Luftwaffe, was killed when the Heinkel He 70 in which he was flying to Berlin crashed shortly after taking off from Dresden. ww2dbase [Dresden, Sachsen | AC]
31 Oct 1939

Germany
  • The commanding officer of the German Wehrkreis IV district in Dresden, Germany gave the order to convert Colditz Castle to a prisoner of war camp named Offizierslager IV-C, or Oflag IV-C for short. ww2dbase [Dresden, Sachsen | CPC]
1 Nov 1940

Germany
  • The German Oflag IV-C prisoner of war camp at the Colditz Castle, until now a transit camp, was redesignated an actual holding camp as Polish prisoners of war were transferred there from nearby Oflag IV-A and Oflag VIII-B. ww2dbase [Colditz Castle | Colditz, Sachsen | CPC]
6 Nov 1940

Germany
  • Three Canadian prisoners of war who had previously served in the British Royal Air Force arrived at the Oflag IV-C camp at the Colditz Castle. The men were Donald Middleton, Keith Milne, and Howard Wardle. They were transferred from Oflag IX-A/H. ww2dbase [Colditz Castle | Colditz, Sachsen | CPC]
27 Mar 1941

Germany
  • The first transfers of prisoners out of Oflag IV-C camp at Colditz Castle in Germany took place; 27 Polish officers were moved to Oflag VII-B in Eichstätt, Germany. ww2dbase [Colditz Castle | Colditz, Sachsen | CPC]
11 Apr 1941

Germany
  • French Lieutenant Alain le Ray became the first Allied serviceman to escape from Colditz Castle, site of the prisoner of war camp Oflag IV-C, in Germany. ww2dbase [Colditz Castle | Colditz, Sachsen | CPC]
10 May 1941

Germany
  • British Lieutenant Anthony "Peter" Allan escaped the Oflag IV-C prisoner of war camp at Colditz Castle, Germany by hiding in a straw mattress that was being carried out of the camp by cooperative French laborers. ww2dbase [Colditz Castle | Colditz, Sachsen | CPC]
12 May 1941

Germany
  • Polish Lieutenant Mietek Chmiel and Lieutenant Miki Surmanowicz failed in their attempt to escape the Oflag IV-C prisoner of war camp at Colditz Castle, Germany. ww2dbase [Colditz Castle | Colditz, Sachsen | CPC]
29 May 1941

Germany
  • 13 British and Polish prisoners of war of Oflag IV-C at Colditz Castle, Germany attempted to escape via a tunnel, but the attempt was a failure. ww2dbase [Colditz Castle | Colditz, Sachsen | CPC]
25 Jun 1941

Germany
  • French Lieutenant E. Boulé, a prisoner of war at Oflag IV-C at Colditz Castle, Germany, was nearly successful at his escape. Dressed as a young German woman and readily walking away from the castle, he accidentally dropped his watch and was caught when a German guard returned the watch to him. ww2dbase [Colditz Castle | Colditz, Sachsen | CPC]
2 Jul 1941

Germany
  • French Lieutenant Pierre Mairesse Lebrun, a prisoner of war at Oflag IV-C at Colditz Castle, Germany, escaped the camp by leaping the wire fence and scaling outer brick wall. He would eventually successfully make it to Switzerland. ww2dbase [Colditz Castle | Colditz, Sachsen | CPC]
17 Jul 1941

Germany
  • The Oflag IV-C prisoners of war camp at Colditz Castle in Germany hosted a visit from the Orthodox Bishop of Dresden, Germany. ww2dbase [Colditz Castle | Colditz, Sachsen | CPC]
18 Jul 1941

Germany
  • The Orthodox Bishop of Dresden, Germany completed his two-day visit of the Oflag IV-C prisoners of war camp at Colditz Castle and departed. ww2dbase [Colditz Castle | Colditz, Sachsen | CPC]
24 Jul 1941

Germany
  • 68 Dutch officers arrived at the Oflag IV-C camp at Colditz Castle in Germany; they were the first Dutch prisoners at this prisoners of war camp. ww2dbase [Colditz Castle | Colditz, Sachsen | CPC]
13 Aug 1941

Germany
  • Dutch prisoners Dufour and Imitescaped the Oflag IV-C prisoner of war camp at Colditz Castle in Germany; they would be recaptured within a few days. ww2dbase [Colditz Castle | Colditz, Sachsen | CPC]
16 Aug 1941

Germany
  • Dutch prisoners Steinmetz and Larive escaped the Oflag IV-C prisoners of war camp at Colditz Castle in Germany; they would later become the first successful Dutch escapees of Colditz. ww2dbase [Colditz Castle | Colditz, Sachsen | CPC]
28 Aug 1941

Germany
  • British prisoner of war Lieutenant Airey Neave attempted to escape the Oflag IV-C camp at Colditz Castle in Germany with a fake German guard uniform; he was spotted near the front gate and captured. ww2dbase [Colditz Castle | Colditz, Sachsen | CPC]
17 Dec 1941

Germany
  • Five French prisoners of Oflag IV-C prisoners of war camp at Colditz Castle in Germany were sent to the town dentist for treatment. On the way back, escorted by two guards, three of them ran in three different directions; they would ultimately reach neutral territory successfully. ww2dbase [Colditz Castle | Colditz, Sachsen | CPC]
5 Jan 1942

Germany
  • Four prisoners of war, two Dutch and two British, successfully escaped the Oflag IV-C camp at Colditz Castle in Germany by dressing up as German guards. Lieutenant Airey Neave, one of the escapees among the four, became the first British to escape from Colditz. ww2dbase [Colditz Castle | Colditz, Sachsen | CPC]
9 Jan 1942

Germany
  • In Germany, 31 French officers were transferred from the Oflag IV-C prisoners of war camp at Colditz Castle to Oflag IV-D at Elsterhorst. ww2dbase [Colditz Castle | Colditz, Sachsen | CPC]
19 May 1942

Germany
  • All but 40 of the Polish prisoners at Oflag IV-C prisoners of war camp at Colditz Castle in Germany were transferred to another camp. ww2dbase [Colditz Castle | Colditz, Sachsen | CPC]
9 Sep 1942

Germany
  • Two British, one Australian, and three Dutch prisoners of Oflag IV-C prisoners of war camp at Colditz Castle in Germany made their escape, five disguised as Polish workers and the sixth as the German guard. Four of them would eventually be captured, but Royal Australian Air Force Flight Lieutenant Hedley Fowler and Royal Dutch Navy Lieutenant Damiaem van Doorninck would make it to Switzerland. ww2dbase [Colditz Castle | Colditz, Sachsen | CPC]
7 Oct 1942

Germany
  • A group of seven British and Canadian commandos (captured at Glomfjord, Norway) were transferred to Oflag IV-C prisoners of war camp at Colditz Castle in Germany. Later, they would all be executed at Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp per Adolf Hitler's Commando Order. ww2dbase [Colditz Castle | Colditz, Sachsen | CPC]
14 Oct 1942

Germany
  • British Lieutenant Commander William Stephens and three pals escaped the notorious Colditz Castle in Saxony, Germany, prompted by signals from an orchestra conducted by legless RAF ace Douglas Bader, and with fake identifications fled Germany by trains and on foot. ww2dbase [Douglas Bader | Colditz, Sachsen | AC]
  • Canadian Flying Officer Hank Wardle and British officers Major Ronnie Littledale, Captain Pat Reid, and Lieutenant-Commander Billie Stephens escaped from Oflag IV-C prisoners of war camp at Colditz Castle in Germany. All four would make it to Switzerland. ww2dbase [Colditz Castle | Colditz, Sachsen | CPC]
22 Oct 1942

Germany
  • The seven British and Canadian commandos transferred to Oflag IV-C prisoners of war camp at Colditz Castle in Germany earlier in the month were transferred out to Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp near Berlin, Germany, where they would soon face execution. ww2dbase [Colditz Castle | Colditz, Sachsen | CPC]
15 Feb 1943

Germany
  • Oberst Edgar Gläsche was relieved from his position as the commandant of the Oflag IV-C prisoners of war camp at Colditz Castle, Germany as he was transferred to Ukraine. He was to be replaced by Oberstleutnant Gerhard Prawitt. ww2dbase [Colditz Castle | Colditz, Sachsen | CPC]
  • British prisoner of war Lieutenant Michael Alexander, who had conjured up a relationship with General Harold Alexander, was transferred to the Oflag IV-C camp at Colditz Castle in Germany; he was placed in the same cell with Giles Romilly, Winston Churchill's nephew. ww2dbase [Colditz Castle | Colditz, Sachsen | CPC]
27 May 1943

Germany
  • Fourteen Mosquito bombers from RAF Marham led by Wing Commander R. Reynolds DSO, DFC conducted a daylight raid on the Zeiss optical instrument plant at Jena, some 45 miles from Leipzig, Germany. Despite losing three aircraft over the target and two others written off whilst attempting to land on their return, the operation had caused serious damage to the works. ww2dbase [Bombing of Hamburg, Dresden, and Other Cities | Jena, Sachsen | AC]
7 Jun 1943

Germany
  • Dutch prisoners of war were transferred out of the Oflag IV-C camp at Colditz Castle in Germany for the camp at Stanislau in Ukraine; it had been decided in the previous month at Oflag IV-C was to house US and British prisoners only. ww2dbase [Colditz Castle | Colditz, Sachsen | CPC]
6 Jul 1943

Germany
  • French and Belgian prisoners of war began to be transferred out of the Oflag IV-C camp at Colditz Castle in Germany for the Oflag X-C camp in Lübeck; the transfer would continue until 12 Jul when the last French and Belgian prisoners were transferred out. ww2dbase [Colditz Castle | Colditz, Sachsen | CPC]
4 Sep 1943

Germany
  • A group of British prisoners of war at Oflag IV-C camp at Colditz Castle in Germany attempted to escape by having Lieutenant Mike Sinclair dress up as the respected WW1 veteran and now camp guard Stabsfeldwebel Fritz Rothenberger. The plan nearly succeeded before one of the guards grew suspicious and asked to see the pass from "Rothenberger". As the plan fell apart, Sinclair was shot in the chest by a pistol, though he would recover from the wound. ww2dbase [Colditz Castle | Colditz, Sachsen | CPC]
28 Jan 1944

Germany
  • Canadian prisoner of war Lieutenant Bill Millar hid underneath a Germany truck at the Oflag IV-C camp at Colditz Castle in Germany during an air raid and was able to escape the camp later when the truck was driven out of the camp. His fate after the escape was unknown, however. ww2dbase [Colditz Castle | Colditz, Sachsen | CPC]
7 Jul 1944

Germany
  • A large raid to attack targets in the Leipzig, Germany area by the US 8th Air Force with 1,129 B-17 Flying Fortress, including those from the 306th Bomb Group from RAF Thurleigh, and B-24 Liberator bombers and more than 700 escorts was met by a Gefechtsverband, led by Major Walther Dahl. Among the total of about ninety Luftwaffe fighters committed was the newly raised IV (Sturm)/JG3, an elite unit of volunteer pilots flying Fw 190A-8 aircraft armed with 30mm cannon, firing high explosive shells, and with additional armour protection to enable them to get within close range of their target. The Fw 190 fighters would attack the rear of the bomber bomber stream while two Bf 109 Gruppen kept the American fighters at bay. The tactic proved successful with eleven B-24 bombers of the low squadron destroyed within a minute and, by the end of the day, the 2nd Air Division had suffered 28 Liberators lost at a cost of nine IV/JG3 fighters shot down and three damaged. ww2dbase [RAF Thurleigh | Bombing of Hamburg, Dresden, and Other Cities | Leipzig, Sachsen | AC]
11 Sep 1944

Germany
  • 36 B-17 bombers of 100th Bomber Group of US 8th Air Force, en route to attack the Schwarzheide synthetic fuel factory in eastern Germany, were intercepted by 60 Fw 190A and Bf 109 fighters of German Jagdgeschwader 4. In the first attack wave, 14 US bombers were shot down uncontested by American fighter escort, which had not yet arrived. In the second attack wave, US fighters were able to shoot down 32 German fighters (29 pilots killed). The air battle took place roughly over the village of Oberwiesenthal in southern Germany. Surviving bombers were able to drop 53 tons of bombs on the Schwarzheide synthetic fuel factory. ww2dbase [Bombing of Hamburg, Dresden, and Other Cities | Oberwiesenthal, Sachsen | CPC]
25 Sep 1944

Germany
  • British prisoner of war Lieutenant Mike Sinclair was killed by a German guard while attempting to escape from the Oflag IV-C camp at Colditz Castle in Germany. He had attempted to escape several times prior, and through these attempted had earned the respect of his captors, who allowed the British prisoners to bury Sinclair with full military honors. ww2dbase [Colditz Castle | Colditz, Sachsen | CPC]
2 Nov 1944

Germany
  • About 12 Me 163 rocket fighters of German Jagdgeschwader 400 fighter wing intercepted a group of US bombers escorted by P-51 fighters east of Leipzig, Germany. The Germans shot down two bombers, while the American fighters shot down four Me 163 rocket fighters; the four German pilots shot down were Oberfeldwebel Horst Rolly, Oberfeldwebel Herbert Straznicky, Oberfeldwebel Gunther Andreas, and Jacob Bollenrath (rank unknown). Bollenrath's fighter would be the final Me 163 downing by a P-51 fighter. ww2dbase [Me 163 Komet | Sachsen | CPC]
13 Feb 1945

Germany
14 Feb 1945

Photo(s) dated 14 Feb 1945
Dresden, Germany in ruins, 14 Feb 1945
15 Feb 1945

Photo(s) dated 15 Feb 1945
Ruins of the Neumarkt and the Frauenkirche after Allied bombing, Dresden, Germany, circa 15 Feb 1945Ruins of Dresden, Germany, circa 15 Feb 1945; note Frauenkirche church in center
16 Feb 1945

Photo(s) dated 16 Feb 1945
Bodies of victims of the 13-14 Feb 1945 Dresden bombing piled in the Germania statue plaza, circa mid-Feb 1945
26 Feb 1945

Germany
  • 1,500 French prisoners of war arrived at the Oflag IV-C camp at Colditz Castle in Germany, having been transferred from the camp at Königstein. ww2dbase [Colditz Castle | Colditz, Sachsen | CPC]
6 Apr 1945

Germany
  • US Lieutenant John G. Winant, son of the US ambassador to Britain, captured after his aircraft was shot down over München (Munich), Germany, was transferred to the Oflag IV-C prisoner of war camp at Colditz Castle in Germany. ww2dbase [Colditz Castle | Colditz, Sachsen | CPC]
12 Apr 1945

Germany
  • Oberstleutnant Gerhard Prawitt, the commandant of the Oflag IV-C prisoner of war camp at Colditz Castle in Germany, received an unsigned letter from the office of Heinrich Himmler stating that all important prisoners at Colditz were to be prepared for transfer in the following morning where they would be held as hostages for negotiations with the western Allies. ww2dbase [Colditz Castle | Colditz, Sachsen | CPC]
13 Apr 1945

Germany
  • A group of prominent prisoners of war were transferred out of the Oflag IV-C camp at Colditz Castle in Germany for the camp at Laufen in southern Germany on the orders of Heinrich Himmler. ww2dbase [Colditz Castle | Colditz, Sachsen | CPC]
15 Apr 1945

Germany
  • Oberstleutnant Gerhard Prawitt, the commandant of the Oflag IV-C prisoner of war camp at Colditz Castle in Germany, received the order to transfer the prisoners in his charge toward the east. As he moved to carry out the order, the prisoners refused to cooperate as they knew the European War was coming to an end. By the evening, as US 9th Armored Division neared Colditz, SS guards began to flee without orders. ww2dbase [Colditz Castle | Colditz, Sachsen | CPC]
16 Apr 1945

Germany
  • US 9th Armored Division liberated the prisoners at the Oflag IV-C camp at the "escape-proof" Colditz Castle in Germany. US Private First Class Alan Murphey received the formal surrender from German Hauptmann Eggers at the courtyard of the castle. Throughout the war, 316 POWs attempted escapes from the castle with 32 making "home runs", which was the most of any camp. ww2dbase [Colditz Castle | Colditz, Sachsen | AC, CPC]
Photo(s) dated 16 Apr 1945
US troops on the Colditz Castle bridge, Sachsen, Germany, 16 Apr 1945
17 Apr 1945

Photo(s) dated 17 Apr 1945
Colditz Castle, Sachsen, Germany, late-Apr 1945
19 Apr 1945

Photo(s) dated 19 Apr 1945
As Allied troops surrounded Leipzig, Germany, this Volkssturm general committed suicide rather than face surrender, 19 Apr 1945
25 Apr 1945

Photo(s) dated 25 Apr 1945
US 69th Infantry Division Captain Hans Trefousse posing with a SdKfz 165 self-propelled gun that he had captured by persuading the German crew to surrender on 25 Apr 1945, near Wurzen, Sachsen, Germany
10 Mar 1953

Photo(s) dated 10 Mar 1953
Policemen in mourning of Joseph Stalin, Dresden, East Germany, 10 Mar 1953
1 Feb 1957

Germany
29 Jul 1969

Germany
19 Sep 1975

Photo(s) dated 19 Sep 1975
Colditz Castle, Sachsen, Germany, 19 Sep 1975

Timeline Section Founder: Thomas Houlihan
Contributors: Alan Chanter, C. Peter Chen, Thomas Houlihan, Hugh Martyr, David Stubblebine
Special Thanks: Rory Curtis




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